World J Nephrol Urol

World Journal of Nephrology and Urology, ISSN 1927-1239 print, 1927-1247 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, World J Nephrol Urol and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website http://www.wjnu.org

Original Article

Volume 4, Number 2, June 2015, pages 201-206

Relationships of Serum Leptin With Nutrition Status and Insulin Resistance in Non-Diabetic Hemodialysis Patients

Figure 1. The correlations of serum leptin with BMI, nPCR, tCO₂, total protein, pre-albumin and HOMA-IR (P < 0.05).

**Table 1.** Characteristics of Study Population
Variable	Total (n = 44)	Non-obese (n = 29)	Obese (n = 15)	P value
*P < 0.05 (non-obese vs. obese).
Age (years)	52.0 ± 16.1	53.7 ± 16.7	48.6 ± 14.8	0.281
Sex (M/F)	25/19	15/14	10/5	0.343
Etiologic disease (N)
Hypertension	23	15	8
Glomerulonephritis	10	7	3
Polycystic kidney	3	2	1
Unknown	8	5	3
HD duration (months)	63.7 ± 58.0	70.9 ± 64.6	49.7 ± 40.6	0.393
BMI (kg/m²)	22.8 ± 3.7	20.8 ± 2.3	26.8 ± 2.7	0.000*
Kt/V	1.4 ± 0.2	1.5 ± 0.1	1.2 ± 0.1	0.000*
nPCR (g/kg/day)	0.8 ± 0.2	0.8 ± 0.1	0.8 ± 0.2	0.528
Hemoglobin (g/dL)	9.7 ± 1.7	9.4 ± 2.0	10.2 ± 0.7	0.072
Total protein (mg/dL)	6.7 ± 0.4	6.6 ± 0.4	6.8 ± 0.5	0.291
Albumin (mg/dL)	3.8 ± 0.4	3.8 ± 0.4	3.8 ± 0.3	0.709
Pre-albumin (mg/dL)	27.1 ± 8.5	26.0 ± 8.6	29.3 ± 8.0	0.211
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	128.0 ± 37.0	124.9 ± 33.4	133.9 ± 43.6	0.480
Triglyceride (mg/dL)	112.6 ± 66.8	101.2 ± 66.5	134.6 ± 63.9	0.063
HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)	36.4 ± 9.1	37.9 ± 9.3	33.6 ± 8.2	0.125
LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)	71.8 ± 20.8	73.0 ± 22.6	69.4 ± 17.1	0.766
Calcium (mg/dL)	9.0 ± 0.8	9.1 ± 0.8	8.9 ± 0.9	0.931
Phosphorus (mg/dL)	5.1 ± 1.5	5.1 ± 1.5	5.2 ± 1.5	0.795
Ca X P product (mg²/dL²)	47.0 ± 14.6	46.8 ± 14.0	47.3 ± 16.1	0.776
Uric acid (mg/dL)	8.1 ± 1.6	8.1 ± 1.6	8.1 ± 1.6	0.901
tCO₂ (mEq/L)	20.7 ± 2.8	20.9 ± 2.9	20.4 ± 2.7	0.334
Creatinine (mg/dL)	10.8 ± 3.8	10.4 ± 3.8	11.6 ± 3.0	0.353
C-reactive protein (mg/dL)	0.3 ± 0.5	0.4 ± 0.6	0.2 ± 0.3	0.560
Glucose (mg/dL)	93.4 ± 10.3	92.5 ± 11.0	95.2 ± 8.7	0.527
Insulin (μU/L)	28.2 ± 20.0	27.1 ± 19.9	30.3 ± 20.7	0.814
HOMA-IR	6.6 ± 5.2	6.3 ± 5.4	7.2 ± 5.1	0.629
Homocysteine (μmol/L)	16.4 ± 4.2	16.3 ± 4.5	16.7 ± 3.4	0.795
Leptin (ng/dL)	14.2 ± 19.3	9.0 ± 12.2	24.2 ± 26.1	0.030*

Table 1. Characteristics of Study Population

Variable

Total (n = 44)

Non-obese (n = 29)

Obese (n = 15)

P value

*P < 0.05 (non-obese vs. obese).

Age (years)

52.0 ± 16.1

53.7 ± 16.7

48.6 ± 14.8

0.281

Sex (M/F)

25/19

15/14

10/5

0.343

Etiologic disease (N)

Hypertension

Glomerulonephritis

Polycystic kidney

Unknown

HD duration (months)

63.7 ± 58.0

70.9 ± 64.6

49.7 ± 40.6

0.393

BMI (kg/m²)

22.8 ± 3.7

20.8 ± 2.3

26.8 ± 2.7

0.000*

Kt/V

1.4 ± 0.2

1.5 ± 0.1

1.2 ± 0.1

0.000*

nPCR (g/kg/day)

0.8 ± 0.2

0.8 ± 0.1

0.8 ± 0.2

0.528

Hemoglobin (g/dL)

9.7 ± 1.7

9.4 ± 2.0

10.2 ± 0.7

0.072

Total protein (mg/dL)

6.7 ± 0.4

6.6 ± 0.4

6.8 ± 0.5

0.291

Albumin (mg/dL)

3.8 ± 0.4

3.8 ± 0.3

0.709

Pre-albumin (mg/dL)

27.1 ± 8.5

26.0 ± 8.6

29.3 ± 8.0

0.211

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

128.0 ± 37.0

124.9 ± 33.4

133.9 ± 43.6

0.480

Triglyceride (mg/dL)

112.6 ± 66.8

101.2 ± 66.5

134.6 ± 63.9

0.063

HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)

36.4 ± 9.1

37.9 ± 9.3

33.6 ± 8.2

0.125

LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)

71.8 ± 20.8

73.0 ± 22.6

69.4 ± 17.1

0.766

Calcium (mg/dL)

9.0 ± 0.8

9.1 ± 0.8

8.9 ± 0.9

0.931

Phosphorus (mg/dL)

5.1 ± 1.5

5.2 ± 1.5

0.795

Ca X P product (mg²/dL²)

47.0 ± 14.6

46.8 ± 14.0

47.3 ± 16.1

0.776

Uric acid (mg/dL)

8.1 ± 1.6

0.901

tCO₂ (mEq/L)

20.7 ± 2.8

20.9 ± 2.9

20.4 ± 2.7

0.334

Creatinine (mg/dL)

10.8 ± 3.8

10.4 ± 3.8

11.6 ± 3.0

0.353

C-reactive protein (mg/dL)

0.3 ± 0.5

0.4 ± 0.6

0.2 ± 0.3

0.560

Glucose (mg/dL)

93.4 ± 10.3

92.5 ± 11.0

95.2 ± 8.7

0.527

Insulin (μU/L)

28.2 ± 20.0

27.1 ± 19.9

30.3 ± 20.7

0.814

HOMA-IR

6.6 ± 5.2

6.3 ± 5.4

7.2 ± 5.1

0.629

Homocysteine (μmol/L)

16.4 ± 4.2

16.3 ± 4.5

16.7 ± 3.4

0.795

Leptin (ng/dL)

14.2 ± 19.3

9.0 ± 12.2

24.2 ± 26.1

0.030*

**Table 2.** The Correlation Between Leptin and Biochemical Parameters (N = 44)
	Bivariate analysis (Spearman’ correlation)	Multivariate analysis
BMI	0.528	0.000*	0.446	0.003*
nPCR	0.440	0.003*	0.246	0.080
Total cholesterol	0.305	0.044*	-0.017	0.899
Total protein	0.473	0.001*	0.051	0.794
Albumin	0.386	0.010*	0.120	0.616
Pre-albumin	0.464	0.001*	0.001	0.994
CRP	-0.383	0.010*	0.030	0.853
tCO₂	-0.485	0.001*	-0.111	0.452
Homocysteine	0.096	0.535	-0.091	0.497
HOMA-IR	0.313	0.039*	0.184	0.172

Table 2. The Correlation Between Leptin and Biochemical Parameters (N = 44)

Bivariate analysis (Spearman’ correlation)

Multivariate analysis

Correlation coefficient

P value

Standardized coefficient

P value

BMI

0.528

0.000*

0.446

0.003*

nPCR

0.440

0.003*

0.246

0.080

Total cholesterol

0.305

0.044*

-0.017

0.899

Total protein

0.473

0.001*

0.051

0.794

Albumin

0.386

0.010*

0.120

0.616

Pre-albumin

0.464

0.001*

0.001

0.994

CRP

-0.383

0.010*

0.030

0.853

tCO₂

-0.485

0.001*

-0.111

0.452

Homocysteine

0.096

0.535

-0.091

0.497

HOMA-IR

0.313

0.039*

0.184

0.172