World J Nephrol Urol

World Journal of Nephrology and Urology, ISSN 1927-1239 print, 1927-1247 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, World J Nephrol Urol and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website http://www.wjnu.org

Original Article

Volume 1, Number 2-3, June 2012, pages 66-72

Association of Hyperuricemia With Carotid Intima-Media Thickness, Albuminuria, Diabetes, Hypertension in Chronic Renal Failure

Figure 1. Carotid artery intima media thickness at right common carotid artery (RT CCA) and right carotid bifurcation (RT BULB) in a hyperuricemic CRF patient.

**Table 1.** Demographic Characters and Clinical Data of CRF Patients and Healthy Controls
	CRF Patients	Healthy controls
Abbreviations: GFR, Glomerular filtration rate; CAIMT, Carotid artery intima medial thickness; CRF, Chronic renal failure.
Number	132	66
Male: Female	85 (64.4%):47 (35.6%)	39 (59.1%):27(40.9%)
Age (years)	45.96 ± 0.92	46.74 ± 1.19
Fasting blood sugar (mg %)	111.01 ± 3.14	85.87 ± 1.25
GFR ( mL/min/1.73 m²)	17.47 ± 0.52	116.74 ± 3.51
24 hours total urine albumin excretion (mg)	784.43 ± 45.23	Not measurable
Smoker: Non-smoker	59 (44.7%):73 (55.3%)	00:66
Dyslipidemic: Non-Dyslipidemic	36 (27.3%):96(72.7)	00:66
Hypertensive: Non-hypertensive	80 (60.6%):53(39.4%)	00:66
Diabetic: Non-diabetic	37 (28%):95(72%)	00:66
Hyperuricemia	35 (26.5%)	00
CAIMT (Micron)	908.91 ± 14.47	707.16 ± 6.79 micron

Table 1. Demographic Characters and Clinical Data of CRF Patients and Healthy Controls

CRF Patients

Healthy controls

Abbreviations: GFR, Glomerular filtration rate; CAIMT, Carotid artery intima medial thickness; CRF, Chronic renal failure.

Number

132

Male: Female

85 (64.4%):47 (35.6%)

39 (59.1%):27(40.9%)

Age (years)

45.96 ± 0.92

46.74 ± 1.19

Fasting blood sugar (mg %)

111.01 ± 3.14

85.87 ± 1.25

GFR ( mL/min/1.73 m²)

17.47 ± 0.52

116.74 ± 3.51

24 hours total urine albumin excretion (mg)

784.43 ± 45.23

Not measurable

Smoker: Non-smoker

59 (44.7%):73 (55.3%)

00:66

Dyslipidemic: Non-Dyslipidemic

36 (27.3%):96(72.7)

00:66

Hypertensive: Non-hypertensive

80 (60.6%):53(39.4%)

00:66

Diabetic: Non-diabetic

37 (28%):95(72%)

00:66

Hyperuricemia

35 (26.5%)

CAIMT (Micron)

908.91 ± 14.47

707.16 ± 6.79 micron

**Table 2.** Demographic Characters and Clinical Data of Hyperuricemic and Non-Hyperuricemic CRF Patients
	Hyperuricemic CRF Patients	Non-hyperuricemic CRF Patients
Abbreviations: GFR, Glomerular filtration rate; CAIMT, Carotid artery intima medial thickness; CRF, Chronic renal failure.
Number	35	97
Male: Female	80%:20%	58.76%:41.23%
Age (years)	45.46 ± 1.06	47.34 ± 1.84
Fasting blood sugar (mg %)	134.88 ± 7.42	102.40 ± 2.89
GFR ( mL/min/1.73 m²)	17.02 ± 1.00	17.64 ± 0.60
24 hours total urine albumin excretion (mg)	1148.71 ± 81.19	652.99 ± 47.73
Smoker: Non-smoker	24 (68.6%):11 (31.4%)	16 (16.5%):81 (83.5%)
Dyslipidemic: Non-Dyslipidemic	20 (57.1%):15 (42.9%)	16 (16.5%):81 (83.5%)
Hypertensive: Non-hypertensive	30 (86.5%):5 (14.3%)	50 (51.5%):47 (48.5%)
Diabetic: Non-diabetic	16 (45.7%):19 (44.3%)	23 (23.7%):74 (76.3%)
CAIMT (Micron)	1051.22 ± 15.60	857.56 ± 15.95

Table 2. Demographic Characters and Clinical Data of Hyperuricemic and Non-Hyperuricemic CRF Patients

Hyperuricemic CRF Patients

Non-hyperuricemic CRF Patients

Abbreviations: GFR, Glomerular filtration rate; CAIMT, Carotid artery intima medial thickness; CRF, Chronic renal failure.

Number

Male: Female

80%:20%

58.76%:41.23%

Age (years)

45.46 ± 1.06

47.34 ± 1.84

Fasting blood sugar (mg %)

134.88 ± 7.42

102.40 ± 2.89

GFR ( mL/min/1.73 m²)

17.02 ± 1.00

17.64 ± 0.60

24 hours total urine albumin excretion (mg)

1148.71 ± 81.19

652.99 ± 47.73

Smoker: Non-smoker

24 (68.6%):11 (31.4%)

16 (16.5%):81 (83.5%)

Dyslipidemic: Non-Dyslipidemic

20 (57.1%):15 (42.9%)

16 (16.5%):81 (83.5%)

Hypertensive: Non-hypertensive

30 (86.5%):5 (14.3%)

50 (51.5%):47 (48.5%)

Diabetic: Non-diabetic

16 (45.7%):19 (44.3%)

23 (23.7%):74 (76.3%)

CAIMT (Micron)

1051.22 ± 15.60

857.56 ± 15.95

**Table 3.** Comparison of CAIMT of Different Groups by Independent Samples t Test
Different groups of CRF patients	CAIMT value (Micron)	P value
Abbreviations: CRF, Chronic renal failure; CAIMT; Carotid artery intima media thickness. P value < 0.05, statistically significant. P value ≥ 0.05, statistically not significant.
Hyperuricemic CRF pt: Non-hyperuricemic pt	1051.22 ± 15.60:857.56 ± 15.95	0.000
Hyperuricemic CRF pt: Healthy Controls	1051.22 ± 15.60:707.16 ± 6.79	0.000

Table 3. Comparison of CAIMT of Different Groups by Independent Samples t Test

Different groups of CRF patients

CAIMT value (Micron)

P value

Abbreviations: CRF, Chronic renal failure; CAIMT; Carotid artery intima media thickness. P value < 0.05, statistically significant. P value ≥ 0.05, statistically not significant.

Hyperuricemic CRF pt: Non-hyperuricemic pt

1051.22 ± 15.60:857.56 ± 15.95

0.000

Hyperuricemic CRF pt: Healthy Controls

1051.22 ± 15.60:707.16 ± 6.79

0.000

**Table 4.** Linear Multivariate Regression Analysis of Traditional Risk Factors Correlating With CAIMT in CRF Patients.
Coefficients^a
a. Dependent Variable: CAIMT
Age	2.032	0.044	0.035	2.690
Sex	2.769	0.007	12.160	73.148
Smoking	2.948	0.004	16.455	83.721
Dyslipidemia	3.367	0.001	25.957	100.021
Hypertension	3.207	0.002	20.080	84.890
Dialysis	2.957	0.004	18.126	91.566
Glomerular Filtration Rate	-5.699	0.000	-9.769	-4.732
Protein	3.243	0.002	0.021	0.086
Fasting Blood Sugar	3.642	0.000	0.405	1.369
Hyperuricemia	2.401	0.018	7.808	81.195

Table 4. Linear Multivariate Regression Analysis of Traditional Risk Factors Correlating With CAIMT in CRF Patients.

Coefficients^a

Independent Variables

P value

95.0% Confidence Interval for B

Lower Bound

Upper Bound

a. Dependent Variable: CAIMT

Age

2.032

0.044

0.035

2.690

Sex

2.769

0.007

12.160

73.148

Smoking

2.948

0.004

16.455

83.721

Dyslipidemia

3.367

0.001

25.957

100.021

Hypertension

3.207

0.002

20.080

84.890

Dialysis

2.957

0.004

18.126

91.566

Glomerular Filtration Rate

-5.699

0.000

-9.769

-4.732

Protein

3.243

0.002

0.021

0.086

Fasting Blood Sugar

3.642

0.000

0.405

1.369

Hyperuricemia

2.401

0.018

7.808

81.195