World Journal of Nephrology and Urology, ISSN 1927-1239 print, 1927-1247 online, Open Access
Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, World J Nephrol Urol and Elmer Press Inc
Journal website http://www.wjnu.org

Original Article

Volume 4, Number 2, June 2015, pages 207-212


Determination of Prooxidant and Antioxidant Balance, Clinical Parameters and Nutrient Intakes in Hemodialysis Patients

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1. Serum levels of PAB in the studied groups.
Figure 2.
Figure 2. Correlation between PAB values and serum creatinine, BUN and CRP in HD patients.
Figure 3.
Figure 3. Correlation between PAB and vitamins A and C in HD patients.

Tables

Table 1. Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Studied Groups
 
GroupsHD patients (mean ± SD)Controls (mean ± SD)P
Data were expressed as mean ± SD. NS: non-significant.
Age (years)41.8 ± 14.638.6 ± 12.5NS
Sex (M/F)18/1715/20
BMI (kg/m2)21.8 ± 2.525.5 ± 5< 0.001
Dialysis duration (months)37 (3 - 92)-
Blood pressure (mm Hg)
  Systolic131.2 ± 29121.5 ± 11NS
  Diastolic85 ± 1380.2 ± 8.1NS

 

Table 2. Biochemical Parameters in the Studied Groups
 
GroupsHD patients (mean ± SD)Controls (mean ± SD)P
Data were expressed as mean ± SD. BUN: blood urea nitrogen; LDL-C: low density lipoprotein-cholesterol; HDL-C: high density lipoprotein-cholesterol; CRP: C-reactive protein. *The levels were reported as mean ± SEM in HD patients, because the data were not normally distributed.
BUN* (mg/dL)70.4 ± 4.313 ± 3.4< 0.0001
Creatinine* (mg/dL)10.7 ± 0.740.78 ± 0.18< 0.0001
Uric acid (mg/dL)6.5 ± 1.74.6 ± 1.5< 0.01
Cholesterol* (mg/dL)169 ± 14.5169 ± 12.6NS
LDL-C (mg/dL)82.3 ± 2682.3 ± 23.7NS
HDL-C (mg/dL)43.2 ± 15.842.2 ± 12.5NS
Triglyceride (mg/dL)133.6 ± 90.5119 ± 79.4NS
Albumin (g/dL)4 ± 0.44.5 ± 0.76< 0.01
Sodium (mmol/L)140 ± 12139 ± 10NS
Potassium (mmol/L)5.1 ± 0.624.7 ± 0.9NS
Calcium (mg/dL)8.7 ± 1.19 ± 1.4NS
Phosphorous (mg/dL)5.2 ± 1.44.9 ± 1.1NS
CRP* (mg/L)13.6 ± 32.3 ± 0.19< 0.01

 

Table 3. Nutrient Intakes in the Studied Groups [18, 19]
 
GroupsHD patients (mean ± SD)Controls (mean ± SD)P
Data were expressed as mean ± SD. $Vitamin A intake was expressed as retinol equivalent (RE). One RE is equal to 1 µg retinol or 6 µg beta-carotene or 12 µg of other provitamin A carotenoids [18]. The new recommendations for vitamin E are expressed as mg alpha-tocopherol equivalents (mg alpha TE). 1 mg of alpha-tocopherol equals 1.5 IU vitamin E [19].
Vitamin A$ (μg/day)247 ± 124674 ± 260< 0.01
Vitamin B1 (mg/day)1.6 ± 0.61.8 ± 0.8NS
Vitamin B2 (mg/day)1.6 ± 0.631.9 ± 0.97NS
Vitamin B6 (mg/day)2.9 ± 1.54.6 ± 1.5NS
Vitamin B12 (μg/day)2.5 ± 0.73 ± 0.9NS
Vitamin C (mg/day)52 ± 18.8127 ± 81.5< 0.01
Vitamin E (mg/day)1.3 ± 0.087 ± 1.1< 0.01
Folate (μg/day)124 ± 21.4389 ± 79.4< 0.05
Calcium (mg/day)494 ± 218814 ± 552< 0.01
Phosphorous (mg/day)791 ± 2801,249 ± 650< 0.0001
Sodium (mg/day)1,541 ± 6701,871 ± 919NS
Potassium (mg/day)1,419 ± 5292,500 ± 1,398< 0.0001
Iron (mg/day)12.8 ± 6.216.8 ± 8.8< 0.05
Zinc (mg/day)6.1 ± 2.69.3 ± 4.3< 0.0001