World Journal of Nephrology and Urology, ISSN 1927-1239 print, 1927-1247 online, Open Access
Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, World J Nephrol Urol and Elmer Press Inc
Journal website https://www.wjnu.org

Original Article

Volume 13, Number 1, July 2024, pages 19-25

Serum Cystatin C as an Index of Early Detection of Acute Kidney Injury in Children With Severe Malaria

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1. Bar chart showing the features of severe malaria found in the study population.
Figure 2.
Figure 2. Bar chart showing the prevalence of AKI using WHO, KDIGO and cystatin C. AKI: acute kidney injury; KDIGO: Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes; WHO: World Health Organization.

Tables

Table 1. Socio-Demographic Characteristics of the Study Population
 
VariableFrequency (N = 126)Percentages
Age (years)
  < 57962.7
  > 54737.3
Sex
  Male7055.6
  Female5644.4
Parent ethnicity
  Yoruba8769.0
  Ibo1511.9
  Hausa129.5
  Other129.5
Pre-referral treatment
  Herbal9676.2
  Non-herbal3023.8
Socio-economic class
  Class I00
  Class II129.5
  Class III3225.4
  Class IV5241.3
  Class V3023.8

 

Table 2. Serum Cystatin C Level at Presentation (mg/L)
 
MeanMedianStandard deviationMinimumMaximum
Overall0.740.580.590.463.20
Male0.790.590.690.603.20
Female0.680.580.420.601.89

 

Table 3. Comparison of the AKI Detection Rate of Cystatin C and WHO Criteria With the KDIGO Criteria as the Standard
 
AKI presentAKI absent
AKI: acute kidney injury; KDIGO: Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes; WHO: World Health Organization.
KDIGO
  Cystatin C
    Present24 (48.9)25 (51.0)
    Absent6 (7.8)71 (92.2)
    Total30 (23.8)96 (76.2)
  WHO criteria
    Present15 (100.0)0 (0.0)
    Absent15 (13.5)96 (86.5)
    Total30 (23.8)96 (76.2)
WHO criteria
  Cystatin C
    Present15 (30.6)34 (69.4)
    Absent0 (0.0)77 (100.0)
    Total15 (11.9)111 (88.1)